JaFaJ
MENA LEGISLATIVE INTELLIGENCE
COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY LEGISLATIVE INTELLIGENCE
MASTER 9.75 PRODUCTION EDITION
Country-by-Country Legislative Intelligence | MENA
Reporting period: 6–12 September 2026 | Publication date: 13 September 2026
How to Use This Section
This section is designed to replace a thin country list with a usable legislative-intelligence product. Each jurisdiction
contains four elements: verification status, analytical significance, priority legislative watch areas, and collection/next-
stage triggers. Where no current bill or enacted instrument was verified, the section does not invent one. Instead, it
identifies the legal and institutional pressure points that should be monitored in the next reporting cycle.
“No qualifying current legislative action was verified” means that the available source pass did not produce a
sufficiently reliable, specific, and current bill, vote, enacted law, or equivalent legal instrument for detailed inclusion. It
does not mean that the country was inactive.
Executive decisions, cabinet measures, regulatory instruments, international resolutions, and sanctions are included
when they materially affect the legal environment, but they are labeled separately from parliamentary legislation.
Country-by-Country Coverage
ALGERIA
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was independently verified after a broader source pass
at the level required for inclusion as a current bill, vote, or enacted instrument.
Algeria remains a major legislative watch jurisdiction because energy policy, hydrocarbons governance, fiscal
management, public investment, and state modernization are closely connected. The absence of a verified current bill
in this reporting pass should not be read as evidence that no legal or regulatory activity occurred. It means that no
item met the report’s inclusion threshold for a specific current legislative action.
Priority Legislative Watch
Energy and hydrocarbons legislation should be monitored for changes affecting licensing, state-company governance,
foreign investment, production-sharing arrangements, export policy, and domestic energy pricing. Fiscal measures
should be tracked for subsidy reform, taxation, public-sector compensation, and budget execution. State-
modernization measures may affect administrative digitization, public procurement, local government, and the
relationship between executive institutions and citizens.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: official parliamentary agenda and journal; Presidency and Council of Ministers decisions; Ministry of
Energy and Mines; Ministry of Finance; Official Gazette. Key trigger: publication of a bill, decree, implementing
regulation, or budget measure with direct consequences for hydrocarbons, investment, or fiscal policy.
BAHRAIN
Verification status: No qualifying current parliamentary action was sufficiently verified after a broader source pass.
Bahrain’s legislative significance is concentrated in fiscal sustainability, labor-market regulation, financial services,
digital governance, and internal security. The country’s role as a regional financial center means that regulatory
instruments may be as consequential as formal parliamentary bills.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch fiscal and tax measures, public-debt management, labor and expatriate employment rules, financial-sector
regulation, cybersecurity, data governance, and legislation affecting public order or security institutions. Particular
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attention should be paid to whether new rules impose compliance costs on banks, technology companies, employers,
or civil-society organizations.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Council of Representatives, Shura Council, Official Gazette, Cabinet decisions, Central Bank of
Bahrain, Ministry of Finance and National Economy, and Labour Market Regulatory Authority. Key trigger: a measure
affecting taxation, employment, financial compliance, digital activity, or security powers.
DJIBOUTI
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Although no specific current legislative item met the inclusion threshold, Djibouti remains strategically important
because of its ports, foreign military presence, logistics economy, and exposure to the Bab al-Mandeb maritime
corridor. Legal developments affecting ports, customs, maritime security, foreign basing, infrastructure concessions,
and public debt could have consequences beyond the country’s size.
Priority Legislative Watch
Monitor port and free-zone legislation, customs and transit rules, infrastructure concessions, public-private
partnerships, maritime-security authorities, foreign military agreements, and debt-related fiscal measures. Legislative
changes affecting the port economy may influence regional supply chains and the operating environment for foreign
governments and commercial operators.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: National Assembly, Presidency, Council of Ministers, Ministry of Economy and Finance, port
authorities, customs administration, and Official Gazette. Key trigger: any law or executive instrument affecting port
concessions, maritime security, customs, or foreign military access.
EGYPT
Verification status: No qualifying current parliamentary action was sufficiently verified after a broader source pass.
Egypt’s legislative watch remains centered on fiscal reform, investment, energy, Suez Canal policy, public enterprises,
and regional diplomacy. The absence of a verified current parliamentary measure does not reduce the importance of
Egypt’s legal environment; many consequential decisions may emerge through executive regulations, budget
instruments, cabinet decisions, or sector-specific authorities.
Priority Legislative Watch
Track tax and customs changes, privatization and state-asset policy, foreign-exchange and investment rules, energy
pricing, electricity and fuel subsidies, Suez Canal regulations, industrial incentives, and laws affecting public borrowing
or state-owned enterprises. Also monitor legal measures connected to regional security, migration, border
management, and humanitarian access.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: House of Representatives, Cabinet, Official Gazette, Ministry of Finance, General Authority for
Investment and Free Zones, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, and Suez Canal Authority. Key trigger: a
measure that changes investor obligations, fiscal policy, energy pricing, or canal-related commercial rules.
LIBYA
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Libya’s principal legislative risk is institutional fragmentation between rival centers of authority. A law or decree may
have limited practical effect if the issuing institution lacks territorial reach, administrative capacity, or acceptance by
competing authorities. The key analytical issue is therefore not only what text is adopted, but who recognizes it, who
implements it, and where it applies.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch budget authorization, central-bank governance, oil revenue allocation, public-sector salaries, election
legislation, security-sector organization, municipal administration, migration policy, and rules governing oil facilities
and infrastructure. Competing legal instruments, parallel appointments, and disputes over jurisdiction may be more
important than formal legislative volume.
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Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: House of Representatives, High Council of State, rival executive authorities, Central Bank of Libya,
National Oil Corporation, municipal bodies, and official legal publications. Key trigger: any measure that changes
revenue distribution, election rules, security authority, or control over oil institutions.
MOROCCO
Verification status: No qualifying current parliamentary action was sufficiently verified in this pass.
Morocco remains a priority legislative jurisdiction because investment, tax policy, social protection, water security,
industrial policy, and territorial governance are central to the state’s development agenda. The country should also be
monitored for official responses to Spain’s citizenship measure affecting Sahrawis born under Spanish rule.
Priority Legislative Watch
Track investment and business-law reforms, tax and customs measures, social-protection implementation, water
allocation and infrastructure, industrial incentives, employment regulation, decentralization, and legislation affecting
Western Sahara. Spain’s citizenship measure may generate diplomatic, administrative, or legal responses involving
nationality, documentation, consular practice, and relations with Sahrawi communities.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: House of Representatives, House of Councillors, Government Secretariat-General, Official Gazette,
Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Investment, and relevant ministries responsible for water and social
protection. Key trigger: a bill or implementing decree affecting investment, water, social protection, or Western
Sahara-related legal status.
MAURITANIA
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Mauritania’s legislative watch is shaped by mining, energy, fisheries, investment, border management, and the
emerging importance of offshore resources. The country’s legal framework can affect foreign investors, local
employment, maritime access, revenue distribution, and relations with neighboring states.
Priority Legislative Watch
Monitor mining and petroleum legislation, local-content rules, fisheries access and enforcement, environmental
requirements, public procurement, infrastructure concessions, and investment incentives. Energy-sector laws should
be examined for revenue governance, state participation, transparency, and the distribution of benefits to local
communities.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: National Assembly, Council of Ministers, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Petroleum and Mines,
fisheries authorities, and Official Gazette. Key trigger: a new concession framework, revenue-sharing rule,
environmental requirement, or investment measure.
SUDAN
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Sudan’s legislative capacity remains subordinate to war, territorial fragmentation, humanitarian crisis, and competing
claims to state authority. In this environment, formal legislative output may be limited, displaced by emergency
decrees, military orders, administrative directives, or rival institutional claims.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch emergency governance, public finance, humanitarian access, banking and currency rules, natural-resource
control, local administration, displacement and nationality documentation, and any legal instrument concerning
ceasefire implementation or transitional governance. Analysts should distinguish between national law, military
directives, regional decrees, and de facto rules imposed by armed actors.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: transitional or competing governing bodies, Ministry of Justice, central bank, humanitarian
authorities, regional administrations, and international monitoring organizations. Key trigger: any instrument affecting
humanitarian access, banking, public salaries, resource control, or transitional political arrangements.
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TUNISIA
Verification status: Medium-confidence legislative activity.
The Assembly’s official legislative database records basic-law proposal 2026/044 concerning guarantees for
enforcement of judicial judgments and decisions and criminalization of obstruction of their execution. The proposal
was deposited on 24 June 2026, referred on 7 July, and remains listed as before committees.
Priority Legislative Watch
The proposal is important because it addresses the practical authority of the judiciary. A judgment that cannot be
enforced is a formal declaration rather than an effective legal remedy. The proposal may clarify institutional
responsibilities, establish sanctions for obstruction, and strengthen the position of successful litigants. At the same
time, the final text should be examined for due-process safeguards, proportionality, judicial independence, and the risk
that enforcement powers could be used selectively.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Next-stage watch: committee reports, amendments, hearings, plenary scheduling, final vote, promulgation, and
implementing regulations. Key questions: Who is responsible for execution? What conduct constitutes obstruction?
What remedies exist against abuse? Are public authorities subject to the same enforcement obligations as private
parties?
IRAN
Verification status: No qualifying current parliamentary measure was verified at a confidence level suitable for
detailed inclusion in this pass.
Iran’s immediate legal environment is dominated by sanctions, energy disruption, emergency governance, and
external restrictions. The United Kingdom’s new sanctions legislation materially increases compliance exposure for
Iran-related finance, trade, technology, services, and aviation.
Priority Legislative Watch
Domestic monitoring should focus on emergency economic measures, foreign-exchange controls, energy and
shipping rules, cyber and information controls, national-security legislation, and any parliamentary action designed to
respond to sanctions or regional escalation. External sanctions should be tracked separately from Iranian domestic
legislation, with attention to designations, licensing, enforcement guidance, and the effect on banks, insurers,
shippers, technology firms, and energy traders.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Islamic Consultative Assembly, Guardian Council, Cabinet, Central Bank, Ministry of Petroleum,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and official legal publications. Key trigger: a new sanctions-response law, emergency
economic measure, shipping rule, energy restriction, or change in the legal treatment of foreign commercial activity.
IRAQ
Verification status: High-confidence legislative activity.
The Council of Representatives advanced draft measures involving commercial agencies, securities and commodities,
public-private partnerships, irrigation, agricultural materials, municipal solid-waste management, notaries,
counterterrorism, traffic regulation, and other institutional subjects. Committees also continued work on the
Information Technology Crimes Law, legal-profession amendments, and foreign-relations legislation.
Priority Legislative Watch
This is the broadest and most consequential legislative pipeline identified in the reporting period. The economic
measures concern the rules through which investment, markets, infrastructure, agriculture, and public services
operate. The security and digital measures concern enforcement authority and the boundaries of state power. The
legal-profession and notarial measures affect access to justice, documentation, professional independence, and
administrative reliability.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Next-stage watch: committee reports, revised texts, first and second readings, final votes, presidential approval,
publication, and implementing regulations. Key questions include whether public-private partnership rules create
transparent procurement, whether securities regulation strengthens market confidence, whether digital-crime
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provisions are precise and rights-compatible, and whether public-service laws receive funding and administrative
capacity.
ISRAEL
Verification status: Medium-confidence legislative activity.
The Knesset’s legislative system remains an important source for election, security, taxation, standards, and digital-
policy measures. The October election cycle increases the importance of election administration and campaign-
related regulation. Current-week verification was less complete than in the prior reference edition, so individual
measures should be rechecked before being treated as newly advanced this week.
Priority Legislative Watch
Priority watch areas include election administration, campaign finance, emergency and security legislation, taxation,
standards and consumer protection, digital information, privacy, and regulation connected to national infrastructure.
The analytical distinction between a bill introduced, a committee action, a first reading, a final vote, and an enacted
law is especially important during an election period.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Knesset legislative database, Government Secretariat, Ministry of Justice, Central Elections
Committee, Ministry of Finance, and official publications. Key trigger: a measure affecting election procedures,
emergency powers, campaign regulation, tax policy, digital platforms, or security authority.
JORDAN
Verification status: Medium-confidence legislative activity.
Official parliamentary calendars record consideration of amendments to the Universities Law, repeal of the Civil
Consumer Corporation Law, regulation of professional work, and the Higher Education Accreditation and Quality
Assurance Law. A parliamentary committee also issued a September statement supporting a national climate-finance
strategy, showing the connection between legislative oversight, development policy, and fiscal resilience.
Priority Legislative Watch
These measures indicate a reform agenda focused on education quality, professional access, consumer institutions,
and the relationship between public policy and economic development. The climate-finance statement is not itself a
statute, but it may influence future budgetary, regulatory, and investment decisions. Higher-education and
professional-work measures should be examined for their effects on labor-market entry, accreditation, licensing, and
institutional accountability.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Next-stage watch: committee amendments, plenary scheduling, votes, implementation decrees, budget implications,
and regulatory guidance. Key questions include whether reforms expand access or increase licensing barriers,
whether accreditation standards are enforceable, and whether climate-finance priorities are connected to measurable
fiscal and investment mechanisms.
KUWAIT
Verification status: Medium-confidence legislative and policy signal.
Kuwait’s recent record includes cabinet-level movement on media regulation, financial reform, and defense
cooperation. The current pass did not independently verify a new plenary vote, but the combination of legal drafting
and executive action warrants continued tracking.
Priority Legislative Watch
The distinction between cabinet approval, a draft amendment, parliamentary consideration, and enacted law is
essential. Public-procurement reform is particularly important because it can affect competition, state spending,
project delivery, and corruption controls. Media regulation and financial reform may affect business compliance,
information flows, and the operating environment for domestic and foreign firms.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: National Assembly, Council of Ministers, Official Gazette, Central Agency for Public Tenders,
Ministry of Finance, and Central Bank. Key trigger: official promulgation of procurement amendments, a parliamentary
vote, implementing regulations, or a measure affecting media licensing and financial compliance.
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LEBANON
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Lebanon’s legislative environment must be read alongside the continuing sovereignty and security crisis, especially
the question of Lebanese Army authority and the status of armed groups in the south. Formal legislative activity may
be constrained by political deadlock, institutional weakness, and the security environment.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch defense and security-sector legislation, banking and financial restructuring, public procurement, electricity and
infrastructure, municipal finance, judicial appointments, and measures concerning border control and armed-group
authority. The practical significance of any law will depend on institutional capacity, political agreement, and the ability
of state agencies to implement it.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Parliament, Council of Ministers, Presidency, Banque du Liban, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of
Justice, and official legal publications. Key trigger: a law or decree affecting army authority, banking restructuring,
public finance, electricity, or judicial independence.
OMAN
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Oman’s strategic role in mediation and maritime de-escalation makes it a high-priority policy watch even where
parliamentary activity is limited. Legal and regulatory decisions can affect ports, logistics, investment, labor, energy,
and the country’s role as a diplomatic channel.
Priority Legislative Watch
Monitor investment and company law, labor and expatriate employment rules, customs and logistics regulations,
energy and hydrogen policy, port concessions, maritime security, and fiscal measures connected to diversification.
Oman’s mediation role also makes official statements and executive instruments relevant when they affect sanctions,
shipping, or regional diplomatic arrangements.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Council of Oman, Council of Ministers, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
Investment Promotion, Ministry of Energy and Minerals, ports authorities, and Official Gazette. Key trigger: a measure
affecting investment, labor, ports, energy exports, or maritime de-escalation.
PALESTINE
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
Legislative governance remains constrained by territorial division, conflict, institutional fragmentation, and the uneven
reach of public authorities. The absence of a verified current measure should therefore be interpreted within a
severely disrupted governance environment.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch emergency decrees, public finance, humanitarian administration, municipal services, civil documentation,
reconstruction rules, land administration, security-sector authority, and any legal framework connected to transitional
or post-conflict governance. Analysts should identify which institution issued each measure and the geographic area
in which it can realistically be implemented.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Palestinian Legislative Council records where available, Presidency and Cabinet instruments,
relevant ministries, local authorities, and international legal and humanitarian monitoring. Key trigger: any measure
affecting reconstruction, civil status, public salaries, humanitarian access, or institutional reunification.
QATAR
Verification status: Medium-confidence legal activity.
Qatar’s official Al Meezan legal portal records 2026 legislation, including Law No. 1 of 2026 amending provisions
concerning registration of births and deaths and Law No. 5 of 2026 amending provisions concerning fertilizers and soil
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conditioners. These are enacted legal instruments recorded in the official legal system, although the available source
does not establish a new parliamentary debate during the reporting week.
Priority Legislative Watch
The laws illustrate the importance of technical legislation in Qatar’s governance model. Civil-registration rules affect
identity, documentation, public services, and administrative data. Fertilizer and soil-conditioner regulation affects
agricultural inputs, safety, licensing, environmental standards, and commercial compliance. Their significance is
administrative and regulatory even if they do not represent major political legislation.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Next-stage watch: official-journal publication, implementing regulations, responsible ministries, licensing procedures,
penalties, and compliance guidance. Key questions include whether the laws change documentation requirements,
import controls, product standards, inspection powers, or business obligations.
SAUDI ARABIA
Verification status: No qualifying current parliamentary action was sufficiently verified.
Saudi policy and regulatory watch remains concentrated on Vision 2030 implementation, energy, defense, investment,
and nuclear-oversight arrangements with the IAEA. The planned inspection framework is legally and strategically
significant even though it is not a domestic parliamentary bill.
Priority Legislative Watch
Monitor investment and privatization rules, labor-market reforms, energy regulation, defense procurement, public
finance, industrial policy, and nuclear safeguards. The IAEA-related framework should be tracked for the legal form of
the arrangement, inspection authorities, reporting obligations, implementation timelines, and interaction with Saudi
domestic institutions.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: Shura Council, Council of Ministers, Official Gazette, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Investment,
Ministry of Energy, Saudi Nuclear and Radiological regulatory authorities, and IAEA materials. Key trigger: a formal
safeguards instrument, implementing regulation, investment rule, or budget measure with regional consequences.
SYRIA
Verification status: No qualifying current domestic legislative action was sufficiently verified.
The IAEA Board’s resolution concerning outstanding Syrian nuclear activities is a significant external regulatory
development, while post-conflict governance and institutional consolidation remain central indicators. Domestic
legislative output must be assessed in light of the country’s fragmented institutions and evolving authority structures.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch constitutional and transitional arrangements, emergency decrees, public finance, property and land
administration, reconstruction, sanctions compliance, security-sector organization, civil documentation, and nuclear-
related obligations. External resolutions should be separated from domestic law but analyzed for their effect on Syria’s
diplomatic and regulatory environment.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: relevant Syrian governing institutions, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, official legal
publications, IAEA, and UN materials. Key trigger: a constitutional or transitional instrument, reconstruction law,
sanctions-related measure, or formal implementation of international nuclear obligations.
United Arab Emirates
Verification status: Medium-confidence executive legal and regulatory activity.
The UAE Cabinet’s 2 and 10 September meetings set government priorities for the 2026–27 season, emphasizing
implementation, service delivery, national priorities, and institutional efficiency. This is not parliamentary legislation,
but it is a meaningful indicator of executive-centered legal and policy production.
Priority Legislative Watch
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The UAE’s governance model requires analysts to track cabinet decisions, ministerial resolutions, emirate-level
instruments, regulatory rules, procurement frameworks, and implementation mandates alongside formal federal laws.
The government’s artificial-intelligence and service-delivery agenda may generate rules affecting data, procurement,
public-sector operations, cybersecurity, accountability, and the use of automated systems.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Next-stage watch: cabinet resolutions, ministerial regulations, implementation guidance, government procurement
requirements, data and AI governance rules, and emirate-level measures. Key questions include which entities are
bound, whether obligations are legally enforceable, how oversight is structured, and whether implementation is federal
or emirate-specific.
YEMEN
Verification status: No qualifying current legislative action was sufficiently verified.
The legislative picture remains subordinate to conflict, while the Red Sea and Bab al-Mandeb security environment
continues to affect emergency governance, trade, and maritime policy. Competing authorities may issue different legal
instruments, making territorial reach and recognition central to analysis.
Priority Legislative Watch
Watch emergency economic rules, customs and port administration, maritime security, oil and gas infrastructure,
public salaries, currency and banking measures, humanitarian access, and any legal instrument issued by competing
authorities. Measures affecting ports and shipping may have consequences for global trade even when they are not
recognized nationally.
Collection Priorities and Next Trigger
Priority collection: competing governing authorities, port administrations, central-bank institutions, customs authorities,
UN reporting, and maritime-security sources. Key trigger: a new port rule, shipping restriction, customs measure,
emergency financial decree, or agreement affecting humanitarian access.
Cross-Country Analytical Conclusions
Legislative visibility is uneven across MENA. Countries with accessible parliamentary calendars and legal databases
generate stronger evidence than jurisdictions where executive instruments, official gazettes, or fragmented authorities
are difficult to index.
Iraq is the principal high-confidence legislative center of gravity in this reporting period because its agenda reaches
across markets, infrastructure, public services, security, digital governance, and professional law.
Jordan and Tunisia provide identifiable parliamentary-process signals. Qatar provides enacted technical laws through
its official legal database. The UAE demonstrates why executive-centered legal production must be tracked alongside
parliamentary activity.
Conflict-affected jurisdictions—Libya, Sudan, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen—require a different analytical
method. Authority, territorial reach, recognition, and implementation capacity may matter more than the number of
formal legislative texts.
External legal developments should remain in a clearly labeled section. They are relevant when they affect MENA
sanctions exposure, citizenship, nuclear oversight, trade, migration, energy, or diplomatic relations, but they should
not replace domestic country coverage.
Every next edition should distinguish at minimum between proposed legislation, committee action, first reading, final
passage, promulgation, executive regulation, and policy statement. This prevents political announcements from being
mistaken for enforceable law.
Production Standard and Evidence Discipline
Purpose. This section is designed as an operational legislative-monitoring instrument, not a generic country profile.
Each country entry distinguishes verified legislative activity from analytical watch areas, identifies the responsible
institutional channel, and specifies the next collection trigger.
Evidence rule: A legislative claim is treated as verified only when supported by an identifiable official source,
parliamentary record, gazette entry, government publication, or clearly attributable reporting. Where the available
record does not establish a current instrument, the text says so directly rather than manufacturing specificity.
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- Status rule: “No qualifying current action verified” means that the reviewed source base did not establish asufficiently documented legislative action for the reporting window. It does not mean that no political, executive,regulatory, or judicial activity exists.
- Analytical rule: Country significance is assessed through institutional channel, policy sector, implementation consequence, regional spillover, and next observable trigger. It is not a substitute for a bill, decree, law, committee action, or official agenda.
- Collection rule: The next trigger identifies what should be checked next: official gazette, parliamentary agenda, committee docket, cabinet decision, ministerial regulation, budget document, or authoritative legal database.
Regional Legislative Collection Matrix
The matrix below converts the country entries into a repeatable weekly collection workflow. It is intentionally a
monitoring matrix; it does not imply that every listed sector has a newly enacted measure in the reporting period.